The 19th Amendment guarantees that the right to vote cannot be denied because of sex. Its force is not symbolic; it governs how states design election systems, administer registration, and structure participation rules. It also supports modern legal challenges involving gender-based barriers — from ballot access to representation — and sits behind the demographic shifts in turnout and political power over the last century.

The 24th Amendment banned poll taxes in federal elections and later, through court interpretation, in state elections as well. It blocks states from conditioning voting on payment, indebtedness, fines, or fees — issues that frequently appear in modern cases involving court debt, re-enfranchisement, and administrative penalties. It remains central in legal challenges where financial status is used to restrict participation.

The 26th Amendment sets the voting age at 18 and bars states from restricting the vote based on age for adult voters. It drives modern disputes around student voting, campus polling locations, ID requirements that disadvantage younger voters, and residency challenges aimed at college communities. It ensures that states cannot manipulate age-related rules to limit youth participation in elections.