Nationalism

Overview

Nationalism is the belief that a nation—a group with shared identity, culture, or history—should have political self-determination. It emphasizes loyalty to the nation above other identities. Nationalism can support independence movements, unify societies, or justify exclusion and conflict.

Core Characteristics

1. Shared National Identity

The nation is portrayed as an organic, unified community.

2. Political Self-Rule

The nation should govern itself and control its institutions.

3. Emotional Attachment

National symbols and narratives evoke pride and belonging.

4. In-Group / Out-Group Boundaries

Boundaries of who belongs can be inclusive or exclusionary.

How It Functions in Practice

Nationalism can unify diverse populations or fuel division. It can support civic nationalism—grounded in shared political values—or ethnic nationalism—based on ancestry or culture. Outcomes vary dramatically depending on how leaders and institutions use national identity.

Common Misunderstandings

“Nationalism is the same as patriotism.”

Patriotism expresses affection for one’s country; nationalism prioritizes political dominance of a specific national identity.

“Nationalism is always harmful.”

Effects depend on its form and application.

The Term in Public Discourse

Often appears in debates about immigration, sovereignty, belonging, and national purpose. The term carries both positive and negative connotations depending on context.

Why This Term Matters for Civic Understanding

Understanding nationalism helps decode political appeals to identity and unity, and clarifies when identity is used to foster cohesion or exclusion.

Neutrality Note

This definition examines nationalism as a political concept, not an assessment of any specific movement.