Words Matter
A plain-language glossary for the words that shape public life.
Political Systems & Ideologies
Government structures and political philosophies that shape how power is distributed, who makes decisions, and how authority is justified. These terms are often used loosely. This section pins down their actual meanings and explains how they function in practice.
Individualism
Individualism is a value framework that emphasizes personal autonomy, self-reliance, and independent decision-making. It prioritizes the rights, freedoms, and responsibilities of individuals over the demands or claims of larger groups. Individualism shapes views about what people owe to themselves, what they owe to others, and the role of institutions in daily life.
Conservatism
A political philosophy that emphasizes preserving established institutions, traditions, and social order. It generally favors cautious, incremental change over rapid transformation. While its specific policy positions vary by country and period, its core purpose is to maintain continuity and stability in public life.